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Actuoecology of testate amoebae in fresh water and soil environment in enteraction with fungi and their analysis with new microscopic techniques
Burdíková, Zuzana ; Holcová, Katarína (advisor) ; Jansa, Jan (referee) ; Hudáčková-Hlavatá, Natália (referee)
4 Abstract The present thesis focuses on testate amoebae (TA) and their relationship to their natural environment, as well as on relevant microscopic imaging methods. The bulk of the data has been published in original scientific papers and is compiled into three separate chapters (Pt I, Pt II and Pt III), each annotated by a brief introduction. (Pt I) The methods section is devoted to specialized microscopic techniques employed to broaden the scope of the ecological analyses. In particular, precise discrimination between live and dead individuals, biomass determination inside individual tests and a multi-modal visualization of the cytoplasm and organelles enhance the data. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy are the main imaging modalities employed to study TA morphology in detail. The data have implications for taxonomy and ecophysiology, including the use of TA as bioindicators of pollution. (Pt II) An actuoecological analysis focuses on the seasonal variability of TA species composition in a freshwater ecosystem, namely the Komo any ponds in Prague, during the course of the year. The species composition variation is correlated to simultaneously recorded limnological parameters such as temperature, pH, contamination by (heavy) metals (As, Cd, Mn, Ni, Fe, Pb), polycyclic aromatic...
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Interactions of microscopic fungi and testate amoebae in Norway spruce litter
Konvalinková, Tereza ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Nováková, Alena (referee)
Both testate amoebae and fungi are common inhabitants of coniferous litter. Their interactions in this environment were rarely studied, although they reach high biodiversity and can play a significant role in nutrient cycling in this environment. In this study, a cultivation of litter needles in the damp chambers was used to investigate interactions between fungi and testate amoebae. Observation of spruce litter needles in environmental scanning electron microscope was used to better characterize testate amoebae communities directly on the needles. Additionally, two experiments changing the biotic conditions in the microcosm were used to follow a principle of the interactions. Three species of testate amoebae from litter needles were able to colonize the filter paper on the bottom of the damp chambers. Occurrence of Phryganella acropodia and Assulina muscorum on the filter paper was significantly fuelled by the presence of mycelium. Assulina muscorum was associated with the fungal spores and Arcella discoides was attracted by sporulating colonies of Cladosporium spp. in the damp chambers. By contrast, no association of putatively mycophagous Phryganella acropodia with fungal spores was observed. Arcella discoides was attracted both by live and death mycelium in additional experiment. Interestingly, the...
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Actuoecology of testate amoebae in fresh water and soil environment in enteraction with fungi and their analysis with new microscopic techniques
Burdíková, Zuzana ; Holcová, Katarína (advisor) ; Jansa, Jan (referee) ; Hudáčková-Hlavatá, Natália (referee)
4 Abstract The present thesis focuses on testate amoebae (TA) and their relationship to their natural environment, as well as on relevant microscopic imaging methods. The bulk of the data has been published in original scientific papers and is compiled into three separate chapters (Pt I, Pt II and Pt III), each annotated by a brief introduction. (Pt I) The methods section is devoted to specialized microscopic techniques employed to broaden the scope of the ecological analyses. In particular, precise discrimination between live and dead individuals, biomass determination inside individual tests and a multi-modal visualization of the cytoplasm and organelles enhance the data. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy are the main imaging modalities employed to study TA morphology in detail. The data have implications for taxonomy and ecophysiology, including the use of TA as bioindicators of pollution. (Pt II) An actuoecological analysis focuses on the seasonal variability of TA species composition in a freshwater ecosystem, namely the Komo any ponds in Prague, during the course of the year. The species composition variation is correlated to simultaneously recorded limnological parameters such as temperature, pH, contamination by (heavy) metals (As, Cd, Mn, Ni, Fe, Pb), polycyclic aromatic...
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Interactions of microscopic fungi and testate amoebae in Norway spruce litter
Konvalinková, Tereza ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Nováková, Alena (referee)
Both testate amoebae and fungi are common inhabitants of coniferous litter. Their interactions in this environment were rarely studied, although they reach high biodiversity and can play a significant role in nutrient cycling in this environment. In this study, a cultivation of litter needles in the damp chambers was used to investigate interactions between fungi and testate amoebae. Observation of spruce litter needles in environmental scanning electron microscope was used to better characterize testate amoebae communities directly on the needles. Additionally, two experiments changing the biotic conditions in the microcosm were used to follow a principle of the interactions. Three species of testate amoebae from litter needles were able to colonize the filter paper on the bottom of the damp chambers. Occurrence of Phryganella acropodia and Assulina muscorum on the filter paper was significantly fuelled by the presence of mycelium. Assulina muscorum was associated with the fungal spores and Arcella discoides was attracted by sporulating colonies of Cladosporium spp. in the damp chambers. By contrast, no association of putatively mycophagous Phryganella acropodia with fungal spores was observed. Arcella discoides was attracted both by live and death mycelium in additional experiment. Interestingly, the...
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Testate amoebae (Protozoa) in soils of restored flowery meadows in the Bílé Karpaty Mts. (Czech Republic)
Balík, Vladimír
Soil testate amoebae assemblages were studied in the years 1999-2000 on six differently managed plots in the Bílé Karpaty Mts., South Moravia, Czech Republic. Four experimental plots with different plant cover established on the abandoned field and one conventionally cultivated field plot were investigated at the locality Výzkum. The plot with natural flowery meadow (control plot) was studied at the locality Čertoryje. 25 testate amoebae species were found in all five plots studied on the locality Výzkum. The testate amoebae assemblages were dominated by Cyclopyxis eurystoma var. parvula in 1999 and by Plagiopyxis declivis in 2000. The main coenological parameters increased rapidly during the observed years except for the cultivated field. On the control plot at the Čertoryje locality, 26 testate amoebae species were recorded. The testate amoebae assemblage on this plot was typical for the dry meadows of the warmer areas and was dominated by the Plagiopyxis declivis, Euglypha laevis and Trinema lineare. Values of the coenological parameters studied were typical for such type of habitat. Based on the obtained results, there was evident that the testate amoebae assemblages on experimental plots at the locality Výzkum developed very rapidly and their development tend to the composition characteristic for the old flowery meadows in the Bílé Karpaty Mts. No significant differences in the parameters of the testate amoebae assemblage were established among individual differently managed experimental plots, which situation probably reflects the short period of investigation.
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Testate amoebae assemblages (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) from the National Nature Reserve Žofínský prales )Novohradské hory Mts., Czech Republic)
Balík, Vladimír
The soil and moss testate amoebae fauna of the National Nature Reserve Žofínský prales in the Novohradské hory Mts. was investigated in the years 1988 and 1997-1999. In total 197 testate amoebae species, varieties and forms were determined here. National Nature Reserve Žofínský prales belong from faunistical point of view to the richest areas in the Czech Republic. On the basis of coenological analysis of the primary data set and on the basis of application of the cluster and ordination analyses were determined here four basic testate amoebae assemblages: beech forest assemblage, acidophilous spruce forest assemblage, wet spruce forest assemblage and assemblage of moss carpets on soil, fallen trunks and big stones. In these four basic testate amoebae assemblages was studied the influence of microhabitats characterised by different plant undergrowth and different microclimatic conditions on qualitative and quantitative parameters of these testate amoebae assemblages. No significant impact of these microhabitats was determined.
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